Capacity planning is the academic concept and methodological approach concerned with determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands for its products or services. This field investigates the long-term requirements for resources such as personnel, equipment, infrastructure, and technology, evaluating existing capabilities against forecasted demand. Its key characteristics include demand forecasting, resource assessment, and strategic decision-making regarding capacity adjustments, while its significance lies in optimizing resource utilization, ensuring operational efficiency, and aligning organizational capabilities with future strategic goals.